DIGITAL COMMUNICATION & NETWORK
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION & NETWORK
NTRODUCTION OF DCN
A group of computers
when are connected to each other for the purpose of shaveling their resource is
Called Computer network
First computer
network are ARPANET
Advanced Research
protect Agency Network
Characteristics of
Computer Networking
Resource Shoveling
Communication Speed
Backup
Stability
Reliability
Security
Network Devices
Hub, Switch, Bridge,
Geteway, Router, etc.
Network Type
PAN: personal Area
Network
Range: 0- 10 m
Use : home for
personal use.
LAN: Local Area
Network
Range : 150 Meter
It is Use for
Building & office
MAN: Metropolitan
Area Network
Collection of LAN
Network
WAN: Wide Area
Network
Communication of LAN
& MAN To Form a WAN
Range Are not Fixed
Use For Country &
All-Around World.
Advantage:
Open to Everyone
File Shareing
Security
Easy to add New
Devices
Backup & Storage
DISADVANTAGE:
High Speed Network
Server
What is Network HUB:
Is a Network Device
that is used to connect Multiple Computer in a Network
All the information
Sand to the HUB is automatically sand to the each part to every Devices
All HUB are less
Expensive less Intelligence &less Complicated
In a LAN
Advantage:
The HUB can based on
cast the massage
It is less expensive
that anyone can use it
Easy installation
Robust
Disadvantage:
It is a HUB is forled
the network will be filled
The Cant sand
private/ personal data
HUB Doesn’t provide any
Security
HUB can’t Support
Full Duplex transition mode
Bridge:
It is a network
device that are used to separate LAN into NO. Of Section
It operate both
physical as well as data link layer of OSI model
Advantage:
By using bridge
devices can extend network
The broadcast the
data to each under line HUB& Repeaters
Disadvantage:
It doesn’t stablish
connection between two different network
Once it broadcast the
message that is in complete to Stop the
message
It is more expensive
Gateway
It is a hardware device that are used connect
two devices molar type network
It allow us to sand and receive data through the internet even it is LAN Network
It operate 7 layer of
OSI model
Advantage
It connect two
network which has different protocol
It operate all 7
layer of OSI Model
We cant access
network without a gateway
It provide Some Security
Dis advantage :
It is more expensive
Data transmissions
rate is slower
Difficult to maintain
as very complex
It is less intelligent
Router:
It is a network
device which work as a traffic controller
A man work of router
is to choose congestion for Parth through which the data protect will
travel.
Router remove data
protect to the sender analyze and forwards their data protect that giving to recover .
Router use both LAN
and WAN network
Advantage:
It provide connection
b/w to dis-similar type of network
Transmission rate is
very high
It internally use
some algo to find out congestion free Parth
It provide both wire or wireless facility
Disadvantage:
It is more expensive
compare to other network device
Security issues
It only work with
settable protocol.
NETWORK PROTOCOL
Is a set of role which
are used in digital communication to
connect network devices and exchange information b/w them.
Type of protocol:
TCP/IP
HTTP
SMTP
POP
IMAP
UDP
PPP
FTP
As we know that protocol
is nothing but set of rule
Type:
TCP/IP:
TCP stands for transmission
control protocol
Where IP stands for
internet protocol
TCP is
used for transfer the data over a
internet the order the data into small packet and sand to the through the
network .
While IP used for
address through which data reach the final destination
HTTP: is an application protocol that is used in the address bar of the web browser before WWW
When we search
anything in the address bar of browser so it long the web side is front of us .
FTP: Stands for file transfer protocol it is used to transfer the file from sender to client
To use the TCO/ IP
protocol enable data transfer
SMTP: simple mail transfer protocol it is used to sand and receive the e-mail in the network
There are two main
protocol POP and IMAP all these protocol work eith the help of TCP/IP
POP: is called post office protocol in a mail box which is actually a massage access protocol through which a user can fatch the email from the server
Pop protocol work us
on TCP/IP protocol and help the SMTP protocol for even to end
communication.
IMAP: INTERNET MAILACCESS PROTOCOL it is also a mail box. It is actually on implement version of pop
By using IMAP, the m aim
advantage is can reversing our delete mail from the server
POP: point to point protocol it use to transfer data b/w directly connected access.
UDP: user diagram protocol
It is a connection
less protocol
It order to sand data
from one machine to another we does not stablish any connection in compare to TCP/IP PROTOCOL
It is used to
transfer the data in short distance .
Due to IP service UDP
sand the data
What is OSI MODEL :
Is an open system interconnection
model it has been developed by s
tandard organization
ISO in the year 1984
It is a 7 layer
architecture when each layer have a specific functionality
All 7 layer work to
gather to transmit the data from ome n/w to another n/w access the globe
Ø The Save layer of OSI
MODEL:
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Ø Presentation
Ø Application
Ø Saison
Ø Transport
Ø network
Ø Data link layer
Ø Physical
NETWORK TOPOLOGIES:
Connection
arrangement of node ina computer network
It is a structure of
network that define configuration of cables computer anther powerful devices
STAR TOPOLOGIES:
Most general type of arrangement
used in office and home
All computer are
connected to central HUB and Switch
Connection take
placed via HUB
The HUB
forwards it to destination mode
HUB manage and
control the network
Advantage:
Easy to install
Using arrangement is
also easy
The transmission
delays do not increase if new node is add
If the node fail it
does not effect the network
Easy to detect faults
Disadvantage:
Require large cable
length
Ring topologies:
o Computer attached to
each other in a close cable
o Each node exactly two
neighbor
o Computer connect each
other and complete the network
o Data pass through all
node all will with reach to Destination
o Any break in
connection entire network fail
Bus topologies:
o Simple network
topologies
o All node connected in
a single cable
o The cable is a
backbone of network
o Each node sand and
receive data through this bus
Advantage:
§ It is easy to add to
new node in bus topologies
§ Require small code length
as compare to star topologies
§ It is cheaper as
computer to star topologies
§ It is suitable for
small network
Disadvantage:
Main cable is break
whole connection is break
All node should be
capable to responded immediately against massage
The main cable
requires terminators at both ends
It apocopate for
network with heavy amount traffic
Mash Topologies:
In network each node
is interconnected with each other
Provide one to one
communication among all computer
Arrangement is very
expensive as dedicated connection are required b/w every node of network is
result is any redundant constant
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